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• Anoosha Pai S
• Six Skov

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Background

Note: During the final revision of this submission, it came to our attention that there is an error in our simulation. While the model’s muscle strengths and masses were doubled, the inertia values were not. This likely impacts the results presented in this report. This error is being addressed for a future report. An updated version of the code, which addresses this error, is included above.

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1. Single leg model does capture asymmetries between legs. 
2. EMG of all hamstring muscles are not available. Furthermore, EMG data during maximum voluntary contraction trials was not acquired. Hence exact comparison was not possible. 
3. Static optimization ignores muscle activation dynamics, which might vary the nature of muscle work and power as observed in our results, especially in the give-up region that involves rapid motion.
4. Our model neglects tendon compliance, which may be a major contributor to the NHE.
5. Minimizing activation squared may not fully capture the only cost terms relevant muscle coordination strategy during NHE.

Future Work

One area for future work is improving the accuracy of the model. Future work should include muscle activation dynamics and tendon compliance to give more realistic and accurate muscle activations, forces, and power during the NHE, especially post the give-up point. Dynamic optimization is a promising tool for this future direction. Furthermore, future studies could test whether MRI-informed subject-specific models can better explain the loading seen in these muscles during NHE.

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